Trump Considers Pardon for Jack Johnson04/22 10:03

   WEST PALM BEACH, Fla. (AP) -- President Donald Trump says he's considering a 
posthumous pardon for boxing's first black heavyweight champion more than 100 
years after the late Jack Johnson was convicted by all-white jury of 
accompanying a white woman across state lines.

   Trump announced Saturday on Twitter that the actor Sylvester Stallone, a 
friend of his, had called to bring Johnson's story to his attention.

   "His trials and tribulations were great, his life complex and 
controversial," Trump wrote from his Mar-a-Lago club in Florida. "Others have 
looked at this over the years, most thought it would be done, but yes, I am 
considering a Full Pardon!"

   Johnson is a legendary figure in boxing and crossed over into popular 
culture decades ago with biographies, dramas and documentaries following the 
civil rights era.

   Most famously, his story was fictionalized for the play "The Great White 
Hope," starring James Earl Jones, which won the Pulitzer Prize for drama and 
the Tony Award for best play in 1969. A film version with Jones was released in 
1970. More recently, the documentary "Unforgivable Blackness: The Rise and Fall 
of Jack Johnson," directed by Ken Burns, was aired on PBS in 2004.

   Johnson was convicted in 1913 for violating the Mann Act, which made it 
illegal to transport women across state lines for "immoral" purposes.

   The boxer died in 1946. His great-great niece has pressed Trump for a 
posthumous pardon, and Sen. John McCain, R-Ariz., and former Senate Majority 
Leader Harry Reid, D-Nev., have been pushing Johnson's case for years.

   The tweet came a week after Trump pardoned I. Lewis "Scooter" Libby, who had 
been a top aide to Vice President Dick Cheney, arguing that Libby had been 
"treated unfairly" by a special counsel.

   Stallone, who starred in the 1976 boxing film "Rocky" and several sequels, 
is a supporter of the president and attended Trump's New Years' Eve party at 
Mar-a-Lago in 2016.

   McCain previously told The Associated Press that Johnson "was a boxing 
legend and pioneer whose career and reputation were ruined by a racially 
charged conviction more than a century ago."

   "Johnson's imprisonment forced him into the shadows of bigotry and 
prejudice, and continues to stand as a stain on our national honor," McCain 
said earlier this month.

   In Jim Crow America, Johnson was one of the most despised African-American 
of his generation, humiliating white fighters and flaunting his affection for 
white women.

   The son of former slaves, he defeated Tommy Burns for the heavyweight title 
in 1908 at a time when blacks and whites rarely entered the same ring. He then 
mowed down a series of "great white hopes," culminating in 1910 with the 
undefeated former champion, James J. Jeffries.

   "He is one of the craftiest, cunningest boxers that ever stepped into the 
ring," said the legendary boxer John L. Sullivan, in the aftermath of what was 
called "the fight of the century."

   But Johnson also refused to adhere to societal norms, living lavishly and 
brazenly and dating outside of his race in a time when whites often killed 
African-Americans without fear of legal repercussions.

   After seven years as a fugitive following his conviction, Johnson eventually 
returned to the U.S. and turned himself in. He served about a year in federal 
prison and was released in 1921. He died in 1946 in an auto crash.

   The stain on Johnson's reputation forced some family members to live in 
shame of his legacy.

   The family "didn't talk about it because they were ashamed of him, that he 
went to prison," Linda E. Haywood, 61, has said of her great-great uncle. "They 
were led to believe that he did something wrong. They were so ashamed after 
being so proud of him."

   Haywood said she didn't find out she was related to Johnson until she was 
12. She remembers learning about Johnson when she was in sixth grade during 
Black History Month, and only learned later that he was kin.

   Once, she recalled, she asked her mother about Johnson.

   "She just grimaced," Haywood said.

   Haywood has pressed to have Johnson pardoned since President George W. Bush 
was in office, a decade ago.

   Posthumous pardons are rare, but not unprecedented. President Bill Clinton 
pardoned Henry O. Flipper, the first African-American officer to lead the 
Buffalo Soldiers of the 10th Cavalry Regiment during the Civil War; he was 
framed for embezzlement. Bush pardoned Charles Winters in 2008, an American 
volunteer in the Arab-Israeli War convicted of violating the U.S. Neutrality 
Acts in 1949.

   Haywood wanted Barack Obama, the nation's first black president, to pardon 
Johnson, but Justice Department policy says "processing posthumous pardon 
petitions is grounded in the belief that the time of the officials involved in 
the clemency process is better spent on the pardon and commutation requests of 
living persons."

   The Justice Department makes decisions on potential pardons through an 
application process and typically makes recommendations to the president. The 
general DOJ policy is to not accept applications for posthumous pardons for 
federal convictions, according to the department's website.

   But Trump has shown a willingness to work around the DOJ process.


(KA)